Metastatic solid tumors to the testis: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 157 cases from an international collaboration.

To elucidate the spectrum of metastatic solid tumors to the testis and their clinicopathologic features. The databases and files of 26 pathology departments from 9 countries on 3 continents were surveyed to identify metastatic solid tumors to the testis and to characterize their clinicopathologic features in detail. We compiled a series of 157 cases of metastatic solid tumors that secondarily involved the testis. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 64 years (range, 12-93 years). Most patients (127/144; 88%) had clinical manifestation of the disease, with testicular mass/nodule (89/127; 70%) being the most common finding. The main mechanism of testicular involvement was metastasis in 154/157 (98%) cases. Bilateral testicular involvement was present in 12/157 (8%) patients. Concurrent or prior extratesticular metastases were present in 78/101 (77%) patients. The diagnosis was made mainly in orchiectomy specimens (150/157; 95%). Different types of carcinomas (138/157; 87%), most commonly adenocarcinoma (72/157; 46%), were the most common malignancies. The most common primary carcinomas included prostatic (51/149; 34%), renal (29/149; 20%), and colorectal (13/149; 9%). Intratubular growth was identified in 13/124 (11%) cases and paratesticular involvement was found in 73/152 (48%) cases. In patients with available follow-up (110/157; 70%), more than half (58/110; 53%) died of disease. In this largest series compiled to date, we found that most secondary tumors of the testis represent metastases from the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract carcinomas and typically occur in the setting of disseminated disease.

Metastatic solid tumours to the penis: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 109 cases from an international collaboration.

AIMS: To elucidate the spectrum of metastatic tumours to the penis and their clinicopathologic features. METHODS: The databases and files of 22 pathology departments from eight countries on three continents were queried to identify metastatic solid tumours of the penis and to characterize their clinical and pathologic features. RESULTS: We compiled a series of 109 cases of metastatic solid tumours that secondarily involved the penis. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 71 years (range, 7-94 years). Clinical presentation commonly included a penile nodule/mass (48/95; 51%) and localised pain (14/95; 15%). A prior history of malignancy was known in 92/104 (89%) patients. Diagnosis was made mainly on biopsy (82/109; 75%), or penectomy (21/109; 19%) specimens. The most common penile locations were the glans (45/98; 46%) and corpus cavernosum (39/98; 39%). The most frequent histologic type was adenocarcinoma (56%). Most primary carcinomas originated in the genitourinary (76/108; 70%) and gastrointestinal (20/108; 18%) tracts, including prostate (38/108; 35%), urinary bladder (27/108; 25%), and colon/rectum (18/108; 17%). Concurrent or prior extrapenile metastases were identified in 50/78 (64%) patients. Clinical follow-up (mean 22 months, range 0-171 months) was available for 87/109 (80%) patients, of whom 46 (53%) died of disease. CONCLUSION: This is the largest study to date of metastatic solid tumours secondarily involving the penis. The most frequent primaries originated from the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Metastatic penile tumours usually presented with penile nodules/masses and pain, and they often occurred in the setting of advanced metastatic disease, portending poor clinical outcomes.

Biodiversity of wild Lactococcus lactis and their geo-spatial relationship with the environment.

Lactic acid bacteria are distributed in nature, isolating themselves from diverse ecosystems and presenting a wide metabolic biodiversity. In Corrientes (Argentina), artisanal cheeses and their specific environment are an important source of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria. The objective of this work was to establish associations between the phenotypic characteristics of strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis native from Corrientes with climatological data of the Province and the characteristics of the soil and the landscapes. Physiological and biochemical characterization data of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolated from the dairy environment and from different localities of Corrientes will be used. The strains were space-located through Google Earth, flood and drought events were evaluated using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and soil composition data (A and Bt horizons) in the study areas were obtained from the experimental station National Institute of Agricultural Technology - Corrientes. A statistical analysis was applied to these results (Infostat Software, Di Rienzo et al. 2008). The resulting consists in three conglomerates, differentiating strains from soils coming from "flooded landscapes" and those from "sandy hills landscape". The analysis by main components highlighted the preference of strains from flooded landscapes by a saline-alkaline environment, affecting during periods of drought, and strains from sandy hills landscape by a low medium in salts and acid soil, directly during period of high humidity resulting from previous floods.

Taxonomic revision of the "mexicanus" group of the genus Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae).

Within the scorpion genus Vaejovis C.L. Koch, the "mexicanus" group is composed of species distributed in the mountains of México. This group presents taxonomic problems, because its characterization and the species included in the group have varied through the years. In the present work, we redefine this group based on several morphological characters, and we differentiate it from the other two species groups within the genus: "vorhiesi" and "nit dulus+nigrescens". Additionally, five new species are described: Vaejovis ceboruco sp. nov., Vaejovis nanchititla sp. nov., Vaejovis santibagnezi sp. nov., Vaejovis talpa sp. nov. and Vaejovis tapalpa sp. nov; the males of three species are described for the first time (V. dugesi, V. nigrofemoratus and V. tesselatus); and the updated diagnosis for all species is included. Keys for the identification of males and females of the 30 species included in this group are given. Lastly, notes on the natural history and distribution of some species are provided, with maps of known distribution for all the species.

A new Sky Island species of Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 from Sonora, Mexico (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae).

Vaejovis islaserranosp. n. is described from the Sierras Elenita and La Mariquita, Municipio de Cananea, Sonora, Mexico. This species belongs to the "vorhiesi" group of the genus Vaejovis and inhabits pine-oak forests in northern Mexico. This species is compared to its most similar species. This new species presents an interesting morphological difference from the rest of the species in the species-group: the absence of a subaculear tubercle or spine.

ResumenSe describe Vaejovis islaserranosp. n. de las Sierras Elenita y La Mariquita, en el Municipio de Cananea, Sonora, México. Esta especie pertenece al grupo "vorhiesi" dentro del género Vaejovis y que habita en los bosques de pino y encino del norte de México. Se le compara con las especies más similares morfológicamente. Esta nueva especie presenta una característica morfológica interesante para las especies del grupo: la ausencia de un tubérculo o espina subaculear.

A new species of the "mexicanus" group of the genus Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 from the Mexican state of Aguascalientes (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae).

A new species of Vaejovis is described from the Mexican state of Aguascalientes. It is assigned to the "mexicanus" group and compared with similar species from Jalisco, Guanajuato, and San Luis Potosí. A map with their known distributions is provided.

Two new species of Centruroides Marx 1890 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico.

Centruroides franckei, n. sp. and Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp. are described from Oaxaca, Mexico. These species belong to the "striped" group within the genus. Thirteen species of the genus are reported for the state, six of them belonging to the "striped" group (infamatus-nigrovariatus subgroup). Both new species are compared to their most morphological similar species. A map with the six "striped" (infamatus-nigrovariatus subgroup) species in the state is also provided.

Valoración anatomopatológica e inmunohistoquímica frente a Treponema pallidum en 42 biopsias con sospecha clinicopatológica de sífilis / Pathological and immunohistochemical evalution of Treponema pallidum in 42 biopsies from cases of suspected syphilis

La sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual que aún es relativamente frecuente y cuyo diagnóstico se ha basado tradicionalmente en pruebas serológicas. La histopatología de sus lesiones, especialmente en la sífilis secundaria, puede ser muy variable. La detección de Treponema pallidum en biopsias se ha realizado hasta fechas recientes mediante técnicas de impregnación argéntica, que presentan escasa sensibilidad. Desde hace unos años se dispone de detección inmunohistoquímica frente a espiroquetas. Éste es un trabajo de revisión de 42 biopsias con sospecha clínica y/o anatomopatológica de sífilis en los que se valoran sus hallazgos morfopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos, con especial orientación al secundarismo luético, que mostró una positividad inmunohistoquímica del 83,3%(AU)

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease which is still common. Traditionally, serology has been the diagnostic gold standard. The pathology of the lesions, especially those of secondary syphilis, can vary. Spirochetes (Treponema pallidum) can be detected with silver staining, but with only low sensitivity. Since the 1990s, immunohistochemistry against Treponema has been available. The pathology and immunohistochemistry of 42 biopsies from patients with a possible clinical diagnosis of syphilis were examined. In secondary syphilis, treponemas were detected in 83.3% of the cases using immunohistochemistry(AU)

Erythema nodosum leprosum: reactional leprosy.

The different clinical forms of leprosy are mainly related to the variety of immunological responses to the infection. Thus, lepromatous leprosy occurs in patients with a poor cell-mediated immunity to Mycobacterium leprae, whereas tuberculoid leprosy is associated with a high resistance to leprosy bacillus. Intermediate forms, including borderline tuberculoid leprosy, borderline lepromatous leprosy, and borderline leprosy, are a continuous and unstable spectrum of the disease. Leprosy reactions are rare and not well-known states that interrupt the usual chronic course and clinical stability of patients with leprosy. They are expressions of immunological perturbations. Attending to the clinical and histopathological manifestations, leprosy reactions may be separated in 2 or 3 different variants: reverse reaction (type I), erythema nodosum leprosum (type II), erythema polymorphous (type II) and Lucio's phenomenon, mainly considered a type II reaction, but sometimes designated type III. Type I leprosy reaction, also named "upgrading reaction," occurs in borderline leprosy states and is associated with a shift toward the tuberculoid pole. Type II reaction usually occurs in lepromatous leprosy, and there are 3 different clinical variants, including erythema nudosum leprosum, erythema polymorphous-like reaction, and Lucio's phenomenon.

[Multiple basal cell carcinomas on phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica]. / Carcinomas basocelulares múltiples sobre facomatosis pigmentoqueratótica.

We present a patient with phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK) who developed several basal cell carcinomas on epidermal nevus lesions in adult life. PPK shows an elevated incidence of development of malignant lesions both on the sebaceous or epidermal nevus component as well as on the nevus spilus one.

Carcinomas basocelulares múltiples sobre facomatosis pigmentoqueratótica / Multiple basal cell carcinomas on phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica

Presentamos el caso de un paciente con facomatosis pigmentoqueratótica (FPQ) que desarrolló varios carcinomas basocelulares sobre lesiones de nevo epidérmico en la edad adulta. La FPQ muestra una incidencia elevada de desarrollo de lesiones malignas tanto sobre el componente de nevo sebáceo o epidérmico como sobre el nevo spilus

We present a patient with phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK) who developed several basal cell carcinomas on epidermal nevus lesions in adult life. PPK shows an elevated incidence of development of malignant lesions both on the sebaceous or epidermal nevus component as well as on the nevus spilus one

Enfermedad de Fox-Fordyce / Fox-Fordyce disease

La enfermedad de Fox-Fordyce es un trastorno inflamatorio poco frecuente caracterizado por la aparición de pápulas pruriginosas con distribución folicular localizadas en las áreas dotadas de glándulas apocrinas. La etiopatogenia no se conoce con claridad, involucrándose la obstrucción del conducto excretor apocrino como fenómeno precoz en el proceso. Se presenta un caso de enfermedad de Fox-Fordyce, confirmado histológicamente, en una mujer de 16 años, con gran expresividad clínica (AU)

Tricoblastoma pigmentado / Pigmented trichoblastoma

El tricoblastoma es una neoplasia benigna de origen tricogénico de escasa frecuencia, cuya presentación clínica suele ser anodina debido a la ausencia de datos clínicos específicos que permitan diferenciarlo de otros tumores de origen epitelial y/o anexial. Presentamos el caso de un tricoblastoma en un varón de edad avanzada de presentación atípica debido a la presencia de intensa pigmentación y ulceración central. Con este aspecto clínico se planteó el diagnóstico inicial de melanoma nodular. La dermatoscopia, en cambio, mostró ausencia de retículo pigmentado y orientó el diagnóstico hacia lesión no melanocítica, presentando un patrón compatible con un carcinoma basocelular pigmentado. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue de tricoblastoma pigmentado. Comentamos los aspectos clínicos e histológicos más importantes de esta rara neoplasia y la utilidad de la dermatoscopia en la evaluación inicial de los tumores cutáneos pigmentados (AU)

Metástasis cutáneas por leiomiosarcoma / Skin metastases from leiomyosarcoma

Los leiomiosarcomas son tumores malignos poco frecuentes. Existen pocos casos publicados con metástasis cutáneas. Se comunica el caso de un varón de 47 años diagnosticado de leiomiosarcoma en muslo derecho que desarrolló metástasis cutáneas en cuero cabelludo y cara (AU)

Retículo pigmentado negativo en un nevus melanocítico en crecimiento / Negative pigment networt in a growing melanocytic nevus

Durante el seguimiento de una paciente con múltiples nevus melanocíticos se detectó una lesión pigmentada con crecimiento focal. El examen dermoscópico reveló en el área en crecimiento una zona ligeramente azulada y un sector con un retículo pigmentado negativo. En el diagnóstico diferencial se consideró la posibilidad de melanoma incipiente. El estudio histológico mostró en el área en crecimiento un nevus compuesto con atipia arquitectural pero sin atipia citológica (AU)

Solitary fibrous tumor of the skin.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon tumor initially reported in the pleura but recently described in other sites of the body. We report a SFT of the skin that presented as painless nodule located in the right cheek in a 56-year-old woman. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped cells arranged in a patternless pattern of short and narrow fascicles with interspersed bundles of thick collagen, and numerous blood vessels with a focally hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells strongly expressed vimentin, CD34 and bcl-2. The lesion was excised and the patient remains well at 16-month follow-up. This case presented some diagnostic difficulty because of its unusual location, and had to be distinguished from other superficial soft tissue tumors. Recognition of SFT in the skin is important to avoid possible confusion with a variety of spindle cell neoplasms with different biologic potential.

Púrpura fulminans asociada a sepsis meningocócica. Presentación de un caso en una paciente adulta / Meningococcal sepsis-associated purpura fulminans. Report of a case in an adult female

Púrpura fulminans es una rara entidad caracterizada por el desarrollo rápido de grandes áreas purpúricas con bordes geográficos, frecuentemente necróticas, asociada con hiperpirexia, hipotensión y coagulopatía de consumo. El examen histopatológico revela la presencia de trombos en los capilares y vénulas cutáneos, junto con hemorragia intersticial y diversos grados de necrosis cutánea.Presentamos un caso de púrpura fulminans asociada a sepsis meningocócica en una paciente adulta previamente sana. (AU)

Bioensayos para la detección de contaminación en el agua

Trabajo basado en la detección de contaminación en el agua mediante bioensayos en el que se analizó el posible efecto contaminante de diferentes concentraciones de productos de uso cotidiano.También se aplicaron los bioensayos para evaluar la contaminación en un sistema acuático.Se describen los materiales,métodos,resultados y conclusiones.Incluye gráficos

Bioensayos para la detección de contaminación en el agua

Trabajo basado en la detección de contaminación en el agua mediante bioensayos en el que se analizó el posible efecto contaminante de diferentes concentraciones de productos de uso cotidiano.También se aplicaron los bioensayos para evaluar la contaminación en un sistema acuático.Se describen los materiales,métodos,resultados y conclusiones.Incluye gráficos